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1.
Aerobic Training Performed at Ventilatory Threshold Improves Psychological Outcomes in Adolescents With Obesity.
Fidelix, Y, Lofrano-Prado, MC, Fortes, LS, Hill, JO, Caldwell, AE, Botero, JP, do Prado, WL
Journal of physical activity & health. 2019;(10):851-856
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity may be as effective as some drugs for improving psychological outcomes; however, vigorous exercise may be needed for improving these outcomes in adolescents with obesity. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of low- and high-intensity training on self-esteem and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents with obesity. METHODS A total of 62 pubertal adolescents with obesity (age 15 [1.5] y, body mass index 34.87 [4.22] kg/m2) were randomized into high-intensity group (HIG, n = 31) or low-intensity group (LIG, n = 31) for 24 weeks. All participants also received nutritional, psychological, and clinical counseling. Body composition and measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-esteem were assessed at baseline and after 24 weeks. RESULTS Depressive symptoms decreased significantly in both HIG (d = 1.16) and LIG (d = 0.45) (P ≤ .01). Trait anxiety decreased after 24 weeks for HIG (d = 0.81, P = .002) and LIG (d = 0.31, P = .002). No changes were observed in state anxiety or self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study demonstrate that 24 weeks of multidisciplinary intervention improves depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with obesity; however, the magnitude of changes is higher in HIG compared with LIG.
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2.
Effect of Low- Versus High-Intensity Exercise Training on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescents With Obesity: A 6-Month Randomized Exercise Intervention Study.
Tenório, TRS, Balagopal, PB, Andersen, LB, Ritti-Dias, RM, Hill, JO, Lofrano-Prado, MC, Prado, WL
Pediatric exercise science. 2018;(1):96-105
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a low- versus high-intensity aerobic training on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in adolescents with obesity. METHODS Sixty-two adolescents with obesity [age = 15 (14) y, body mass index = 34.87 (4.22) kg·m-2] were randomized to receive either a high-intensity training (HIT, n = 31) or a low-intensity training (LIT, n = 31) for 24 weeks. All participants also received nutritional, psychological, and clinical counseling. Leptin, total and subtype leukocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were obtained at baseline and after 24 weeks. RESULTS HIT reduced neutrophils [from 4.4 (1.9) to 3.6 (1.3) µL-1 × 103; P = .01] and monocytes [from 7.2 (2.5) to 5.2 (1.8) µL-1 × 102; P < .01], but LIT increased neutrophils [from 4.5 (1.7) to 5.2 (3.3) µL-1 × 103; P = .01]. Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased in LIT [from 13.3 (7.5) to 17.7 (10.8) pg·mL-1; P = .01], it decreased in HIT [from 12.4 (7.5) to 11.3 (6.2) pg·mL-1; P = .01]. No changes in leukocyte counts, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance were observed. CONCLUSIONS Both HIT and LIT improved the inflammatory profile. The study, however, indicated that the number of biomarkers and the magnitude of changes were higher in the HIT compared with LIT.
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3.
Aerobic training performed at ventilatory threshold improves liver enzymes and lipid profile related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with obesity.
de Lira, CT, Dos Santos, MA, Gomes, PP, Fidelix, YL, Dos Santos, AC, Tenório, TR, Lofrano-Prado, MC, do Prado, WL
Nutrition and health. 2017;(4):281-288
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the positive effects of high-intensity training on weight management and health-related outcomes, it is postulated that high-intensity training may also induce oxidative stress, increasing hepatic damage. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low versus high-intensity training on biomarkers related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents with obesity. METHODS For this study 107 adolescents (15 ± 1 years) with obesity (BMI = 34.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomized into High-Intensity Training (HIT, n = 31), Low-Intensity Training (LIT, n = 31) or Control Group (CG, n = 45). Adolescents from HIT and LIT received nutritional, psychological and clinical counseling. Blood lipids, Castelli risk index, glucose, insulin and hepatic enzymes were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. RESULTS Castelli risk index 1 was reduced in all groups ( p < 0.001) with moderate effect size ( d) for HIT ( d = 0.62) and LIT ( d = 0.66). Castelli risk index 2 also decreased ( p < 0.001 for all groups; HIT d = 0.65; LIT d = 0.79). High-density lipoprotein increased in all groups ( d = 0.25 and d = 0.18 in HIT and LIT), while alanine aminotransferase tended to reduce ( p = 0.062) in HIT ( d = 0.34) and LIT ( d = 0.73) and aspartate aminotransferase decreased ( p = 0.024) in both HIT ( d = 0.24) and LIT ( d = 0.45). There were no changes in glucose, insulin and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Both high and low-intensity training improved biomarkers related to NAFLD. Thus, high-intensity training can be a safe and effective alternative to prevent and treat NAFLD in adolescents with obesity.
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4.
Effect of a 12-Week Low vs. High Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training on Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Exercise Intervention Study.
Prado, WL, Lofrano-Prado, MC, Oyama, LM, Cardel, M, Gomes, PP, Andrade, ML, Freitas, CR, Balagopal, P, Hill, JO
Pediatric exercise science. 2015;(4):510-7
Abstract
Little is known about how the intensity of aerobic training influences appetite-regulating hormones in obese adolescents. Our goal was to assess the effect of low and high intensity aerobic trainings on food intake and appetite-regulating hormones in obese adolescents. Forty three obese adolescents (age: 13-18y, BMI: 34.48 ± 3.94 kg/m2) were randomized into high intensity training (HIT; n = 20) or low intensity training (LIT; n = 23) groups for 12 weeks. All participants also received the same nutritional, psychological and clinical counseling. Pre- and postintervention energy intake (EI) and circulating levels of insulin, leptin, peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) and ghrelin were measured. Adolescents in the HIT showed a reduction in total EI and an increase in PYY3-36 (p < .05). Aerobic exercise training performed at ventilatory threshold 1 intensity, reduced EI and augmented PYY3-36 in obese adolescents, compared with LIT. The data suggest that HIT and LIT have differential effects in the regulation of appetite signals and subsequent EI in obese adolescents.
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5.
Improvements on Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Exercise Intervention Study.
Silva, HJ, Andersen, LB, Lofrano-Prado, MC, Barros, MV, Freitas, IF, Hill, J, Prado, WL
Journal of physical activity & health. 2015;(4):553-60
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how different exercise intensities affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in obese adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity (HIT) vs. low-intensity (LIT) aerobic training on CVD risk factors in obese adolescents. METHODS Forty-three obese adolescents (age: 15.7 ± 1.3 years, BMI: 34.3 ± 4.1 kg/m(2)) participated this study either HIT (corresponding to ventilatory threshold I; N = 20) or LIT (20% below ventilatory threshold I; N = 23) for 12 weeks. All sessions were isocaloric (350 kcal). All participants received the same nutritional, psychological, and clinical counseling. Subjects were assessed in fatness, fitness, lipid profile, and glucose at baseline and after 12 weeks. The CVD risk factors assessed were waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, and fitness, which were single and clustered analyzed (z scores sum). RESULTS Body mass, Body Mass Index, fatness, and WC were improved (P < .001) in both groups. The sum of z scores (WC + TC + glucose-fitness-HDL) improved in both HIT (12 weeks = -2.16 SD; Cohen's d = .45) and LIT (12 weeks = -2.13 SD; Cohen's d = .60) without groups differences. Changes in fitness were associated with changes in WC (r = -.48; P = .003). CONCLUSION HIT does not promote any additional improvements in CVD risk factors than LIT in obese adolescents.
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6.
Effect of aerobic exercise on hunger feelings and satiety regulating hormones in obese teenage girls.
Prado, WL, Balagopal, PB, Lofrano-Prado, MC, Oyama, LM, Tenório, TR, Botero, JP, Hill, JO
Pediatric exercise science. 2014;(4):463-9
Abstract
Exercise is implicated in modifying subsequent energy intake (EI) through alterations in hunger and/or satiety hormones. Our aim was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on hunger, satiety regulatory peptides, and EI in obese adolescents. Nine obese girls (age: 13-18 years old, BMI: 33.74 ± 4.04 kg/m2) participated in this randomized controlled crossover study. Each participant randomly underwent 2 experimental protocols: control (seated for 150 min) and exercise (exercised for 30 min on a treadmill performed at ventilatory threshold [VT] intensity and then remained seated for 120 min). Leptin, peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)), and subjective hunger were measured at baseline as well as 30 min and 150 min, followed by 24-hr EI measurement. Exercise session resulted in an acute increase in PYY(3-36) (p < .01) without changes in leptin and/or hunger scores. The control session increased hunger scores (p < .01) and decreased circulating leptin levels (p = .03). There was a strong effect size for carbohydrate intake (d = 2.14) and a modest effect size for protein intake (d = 0.61) after the exercise compared with the control session. Exercise performed at VT intensity in this study appears to provoke a state of transient anorexia in obese girls. These changes may be linked to an increase in circulating PYY3-36 and maintenance of leptin levels.
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7.
Acute effects of aerobic exercise on mood and hunger feelings in male obese adolescents: a crossover study.
Lofrano-Prado, MC, Hill, JO, Silva, HJ, Freitas, CR, Lopes-de-Souza, S, Lins, TA, do Prado, WL
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2012;:38
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise intensity on anxiety, mood states and hunger in obese adolescents. METHODS Subjects were eight male obese adolescents (age 15.44 ± 2.06 y; BMI 33.06 ± 4.78 kg/m2). Each subject underwent three experimental trials: (1) Control, seated for 30 min; (2) Low intensity exercise (LIE)--exercise at 10% below ventilatory threshold (VT); (3) High intensity exercise (HIE)--exercise at 10% above VT. Anxiety (STAI Trait/State), mood (POMS) and hunger (VAS) were assessed before and immediately after the experimental sessions. Comparisons between trials and times were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. Associations between variables were described using a Spearman test. RESULTS The largest increase in hunger was observed after LEI (914.22%). Both exercise sessions increased anxiety, fatigue and decreased vigor (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acute exercise bouts are associated with negative changes in anxiety and mood, and with increases in hunger in obese adolescents.
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8.
Alterations in downstream mediators involved in central control of eating behavior in obese adolescents submitted to a multidisciplinary therapy.
Prado, WL, Oyama, LM, Lofrano-Prado, MC, de Piano, A, Stella, SG, Nascimento, CM, Carnier, J, Caranti, DA, Tock, L, Tufik, S, et al
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2011;(3):300-5
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a multidisciplinary therapy (24 weeks) on neurohormonal control of food intake, specifically in orexigenic (total ghrelin, agouti-related protein [AgRP], neuropeptide Y [NPY], and melanin-concentrating hormone) and anorexigenic factors (leptin, insulin, and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone [α-MSH]), in obese adolescents. METHODS A total of 88 adolescents (38 boys and 50 girls), including 62 obese and 26 normal-weight, aged 15-19 years were recruited. Obese adolescents were submitted to a 24-week multidisciplinary therapy. AgRP, NPY, melanin-concentrating hormone, leptin, insulin, glucose, α-MSH, total ghrelin, and food intake were measured at three stages (at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks). RESULTS At baseline, obese adolescents showed hyperleptinemia (circulating leptin levels, which were, in boys and girls, 40 and 35 times higher than in normal-weight subjects, respectively). After 24 weeks, these values decreased in all obese patients. Our results showed no differences in ghrelin levels between obese and normal-weight adolescents, in both genders. However, obese boys reduced their plasma ghrelin concentration after 24 weeks of therapy (p < .05). The multidisciplinary therapy decreased NPY and AgRP values and increased α-MSH; simultaneously with these changes there was a decrease in total food intake after 24 weeks of therapy. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that the multidisciplinary therapy was efficient to modulate neurohormonal control of food intake in obese adolescents.